Abstract--Building operations consume 30% of total power consumption and contribute 26% of global power-related emissions. Therefore, monitoring, and early detection of anomalies at the meter level are essential for residential and commercial buildings. This work investigates both supervised and unsupervised approaches and introduces a dynamic anomaly detection system. The system introduces a supervised Light Gradient Boosting machine and an unsupervised autoencoder with a dynamic threshold. This system is designed to provide realtime detection of anomalies at the meter level. The proposed dynamical system comes with a dynamic threshold based on the Mahalanobis distance and moving averages. This approach allows the system to adapt to changes in the data distribution over time. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated using real-life power consumption data collected from smart metering systems. This empirical testing ensures that the system's performance is validated under real-world conditions. By detecting unusual data movements and providing early warnings, the proposed system contributes significantly to visual analytics and decision science. Early detection of anomalies enables timely troubleshooting, preventing financial losses and potential disasters such as fire incidents. Global power consumption is increasing at an alarming rate, and buildings (residential and commercial) account for approximately 40-45% of global power consumption ([1]; [2]; [3]; [4]; [5]). "The operations of buildings account for 30% of global power consumption and 26% of global powerrelated emissions (8% being direct emissions in buildings and 18% indirect emissions from the production of electricity and heat used in buildings)." In addition, because of the pervasive misuse of residential power consumption behaviors, it is estimated that 15-30% of the power utilized during building operations is lost owing to malfunctioning equipment, poor operation protocols, and poor construction design ([6]; [3]).

The majority of modern consumer-level energy is generated by real-time smart metering systems. These frequently contain anomalies, which prevent reliable estimates of the series' evolution. This work introduces a hybrid modeling approach combining statistics and a Convolutional Autoencoder with a dynamic threshold. The threshold is determined based on Mahalanobis distance and moving averages. It has been tested using real-life energy consumption data collected from smart metering systems. The solution includes a real-time, meter-level anomaly detection system that connects to an advanced monitoring system. This makes a substantial contribution by detecting unusual data movements and delivering an early warning. Early detection and subsequent troubleshooting can financially benefit organizations and consumers and prevent disasters from occurring.

The digital landscape of the Internet of Energy (IoE) is on the brink of a revolutionary transformation with the integration of edge Artificial Intelligence (AI). This comprehensive review elucidates the promise and potential that edge AI holds for reshaping the IoE ecosystem. Commencing with a meticulously curated research methodology, the article delves into the myriad of edge AI techniques specifically tailored for IoE. The myriad benefits, spanning from reduced latency and real-time analytics to the pivotal aspects of information security, scalability, and cost-efficiency, underscore the indispensability of edge AI in modern IoE frameworks. As the narrative progresses, readers are acquainted with pragmatic applications and techniques, highlighting on-device computation, secure private inference methods, and the avant-garde paradigms of AI training on the edge. A critical analysis follows, offering a deep dive into the present challenges including security concerns, computational hurdles, and standardization issues. However, as the horizon of technology ever expands, the review culminates in a forward-looking perspective, envisaging the future symbiosis of 5G networks, federated edge AI, deep reinforcement learning, and more, painting a vibrant panorama of what the future beholds. For anyone vested in the domains of IoE and AI, this review offers both a foundation and a visionary lens, bridging the present realities with future possibilities.

Smart grid systems are critical to the power industry, however their sophisticated architectural design and operations expose them to a number of cybersecurity threats, such as data tampering, data eavesdropping, and Denial of Service, among others. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based technologies are becoming increasingly popular for detecting cyber assaults in a variety of computer settings, and several efforts have been made to secure various systems. The present AI systems are being exposed and vanquished because of the recent emergence of sophisticated adversarial systems such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). The purpose of this short review is to outline some of the initiatives to protect smart grid systems, their obstacles, and what might be a potential future AI research direction

Implementing predictive models in utility companies to detect Non-Technical Losses (i.e. fraud and other meter problems) is challenging: the data available is biased, and the algorithms usually used are black-boxes that can not be either easily trusted or understood by the stakeholders. In this work, we explain our approach to mitigate these problems in a real supervised system to detect non-technical losses for an international utility company from Spain. This approach exploits human knowledge (e.g. from the data scientists or the company's stakeholders), and the information provided by explanatory methods to implement smart feature engineering. This simple, efficient method that can be easily implemented in other industrial projects is tested in a real dataset and the results evidence that the derived prediction model is better in terms of accuracy, interpretability, robustness and flexibility.